Industrial production goes through a severe crisis: in May, Fiat announces temporary layoffs (7 days out of 40) of 78,000 employees. In September, the company announces 14,469 dismissals, with the resulting all-out strike called by the workers. At the end of the month, when the dismissals stop, 24,000 factory workers see their working hours cut down to zero. This period is defined as the hot autumn of Torino which reaches its peak on 14th October when Fiat managers march in the streets to protest against the picketing which prevents them from entering the factory: it is the famous “marcia dei 40.000” which pushes the trade unions to settle the dispute with an agreement in favour of Fiat. It is the beginning of a radical change in the relations between Italian great companies and trade unions.